People skew their reports about perceptions {perceptual bias}, for example, when experimenters ask people to report intensity using number scale.
People's responses can have symmetric distribution around central value {centering bias}. Avoid this bias by using response-scale numbers equally.
People's responses can use shortcuts based on associations {contraction bias}. Avoid this bias by reversing stimuli and responses.
People can respond to high and low stimuli differently {logarithmic response bias}. Avoid this bias by using number range with only single digits, with no ratios.
Smaller stimulus ranges have steeper slopes {range equalizing bias}. This bias is unavoidable, so people underestimate large sizes and differences and overestimate small sizes and differences.
People's responses can group stimuli by time {stimulus frequency bias}. Avoid this bias by presenting all stimuli equally often.
People's responses can group stimuli in space {stimulus spacing bias}. Avoid this bias by spacing stimuli at subjectively equal intervals.
Previous conditions can influence later performance {transfer bias}. Avoid this bias by using separate groups of uninitiated people for each investigation or judgment.
6-Psychology-Cognition-Perception
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Date Modified: 2022.0225